'Oνομα Μακεδονία:
Ακαδημαϊκοί απ' όλον τον κόσμο, ζητούν από τον πρόεδρο Ομπάμα να
επέμβει γιά τον τερματισμό της παραχάραξης της ιστορίας από τα Σκόπια
Letter to President
Barack Obama - May 18, 2009
The Honorable Barack Obama
President, United States of America
White House
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20500
Dear President Obama,
We,
the undersigned scholars of Graeco-Roman antiquity, respectfully
request that you intervene to clean up some of the historical debris
left in southeast Europe by the previous U.S. administration.
On
November 4, 2004, two days after the re-election of President George W.
Bush, his administration unilaterally recognized the “Republic of
Macedonia.” This action not only abrogated geographic and
historic fact, but it also has unleashed a dangerous epidemic of
historical revisionism, of which the most obvious symptom is the
misappropriation by the government in Skopje of the most famous of
Macedonians, Alexander the Great.
We
believe that this silliness has gone too far, and that the U.S.A. has
no business in supporting the subversion of history. Let us review
facts. (The documentation for these facts [here in boldface] can
be found attached and at:
http://macedonia-evidence.org/documentation.html)
The
land in question, with its modern capital at Skopje, was called Paionia
in antiquity. Mts. Barnous and Orbelos (which form today the
northern limits of Greece) provide a natural barrier that separated,
and separates, Macedonia from its northern neighbor. The
only real connection is along the Axios/Vardar River and even this
valley “does not form a line of communication because it is divided by
gorges.”
While it is true that the Paionians were subdued by Philip II, father
of Alexander, in 358 B.C. they were not Macedonians and did not live in
Macedonia. Likewise, for example, the Egyptians, who were subdued by
Alexander, may have been ruled by Macedonians, including the famous
Cleopatra, but they were never Macedonians themselves, and Egypt was
never called Macedonia.
Rather, Macedonia and Macedonian Greeks have been located for at least
2,500 years just where the modern Greek province of Macedonia is.
Exactly this same relationship is true for Attica and Athenian Greeks,
Argos and Argive Greeks, Corinth and Corinthian Greeks,
etc.
We
do not understand how the modern inhabitants of ancient Paionia, who
speak Slavic – a language introduced into the Balkans about a
millennium after the death of Alexander – can claim him as their
national hero. Alexander the Great was thoroughly and
indisputably Greek. His great-great-great grandfather, Alexander I,
competed in the Olympic Games where participation was limited to
Greeks.
Even
before Alexander I, the Macedonians traced their ancestry to Argos, and
many of their kings used the head of Herakles - the quintessential
Greek hero - on their coins.
Euripides – who died and was buried in Macedonia– wrote his play
Archelaos in honor of the great-uncle of Alexander, and in Greek.
While in Macedonia, Euripides also wrote the Bacchai, again in
Greek. Presumably the Macedonian audience could understand what
he wrote and what they heard.
Alexander’s father, Philip, won several equestrian victories at Olympia
and Delphi, the two most Hellenic of all the sanctuaries in ancient
Greece where non-Greeks were not allowed to compete. Even more
significantly, Philip was appointed to conduct the Pythian Games at
Delphi in 346 B.C. In other words, Alexander the Great’s father
and his ancestors were thoroughly Greek. Greek was the language used by
Demosthenes and his delegation from Athens when they paid visits to
Philip, also in 346 B.C. Another northern Greek, Aristotle, went off to
study for nearly 20 years in the Academy of Plato. Aristotle
subsequently returned to Macedonia and became the tutor of Alexander
III. They used Greek in their classroom which can still be seen near
Naoussa in Macedonia.
Alexander carried with him throughout his conquests Aristotle’s edition
of Homer’s Iliad. Alexander also spread Greek language and
culture throughout his empire, founding cities and establishing centers
of learning. Hence inscriptions concerning such typical Greek
institutions as the gymnasium are found as far away as
Afghanistan. They are all written in Greek.
The
questions follow: Why was Greek the lingua franca all over
Alexander’s empire if he was a “Macedonian”? Why was the New
Testament, for example, written in Greek?
The
answers are clear: Alexander the Great was Greek, not Slavic, and
Slavs and their language were nowhere near Alexander or his homeland
until 1000 years later. This brings us back to the geographic
area known in antiquity as Paionia. Why would the people who live
there now call themselves Macedonians and their land Macedonia?
Why would they abduct a completely Greek figure and make him their
national hero?
The
ancient Paionians may or may not have been Greek, but they certainly
became Greekish, and they were never Slavs. They were also not
Macedonians. Ancient Paionia was a part of the Macedonian
Empire. So were Ionia and Syria and Palestine and Egypt and
Mesopotamia and Babylonia and Bactria and many more. They may
thus have become “Macedonian” temporarily, but none was ever
“Macedonia”. The theft of Philip and Alexander by a land that was
never Macedonia cannot be justified.
The
traditions of ancient Paionia could be adopted by the current residents
of that geographical area with considerable justification. But the
extension of the geographic term “Macedonia” to cover southern
Yugoslavia cannot. Even in the late 19th century, this misuse implied
unhealthy territorial aspirations.
The
same motivation is to be seen in school maps that show the
pseudo-greater Macedonia, stretching from Skopje to Mt. Olympus and
labeled in Slavic. The same map and its claims are in
calendars, bumper stickers, bank notes, etc., that have been
circulating in the new state ever since it declared its independence
from Yugoslavia in 1991. Why would a poor land-locked new state
attempt such historical nonsense? Why would it brazenly mock and
provoke its neighbor?
However one might like to characterize such behavior, it is clearly not
a force for historical accuracy, nor for stability in the
Balkans. It is sad that the United States of America has abetted
and encouraged such behavior.
We
call upon you, Mr. President, to help - in whatever ways you deem
appropriate - the government in Skopje to understand that it cannot
build a national identity at the expense of historic truth. Our
common international society cannot survive when history is ignored,
much less when history is fabricated.
Sincerely,
Harry C. Avery, Professor of Classics, University of Pittsburgh (USA)
Dr. Dirk Backendorf. Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur
Mainz (Germany)
Elizabeth C. Banks, Associate Professor of Classics (ret.), University
of Kansas (USA)
Luigi Beschi, professore emerito di Archeologia Classica, Università di
Firenze (Italy)
Josine H. Blok, professor of Ancient History and Classical
Civilization, Utrecht University (The Netherlands)
Alan Boegehold, Emeritus Professor of Classics, Brown University (USA)
Efrosyni Boutsikas, Lecturer of Classical Archaeology, University of
Kent (UK)
Keith Bradley, Eli J. and Helen Shaheen Professor of Classics,
Concurrent Professor of History, University of Notre Dame (USA)
Stanley M. Burstein, Professor Emeritus, California State University,
Los Angeles (USA)
Francis Cairns, Professor of Classical Languages, The Florida State
University (USA)
John McK. Camp II, Agora Excavations and Professor of Archaeology,
ASCSA, Athens (Greece)
Paul Cartledge, A.G. Leventis Professor of Greek Culture, University of
Cambridge (UK)
Paavo Castrén, Professor of Classical Philology Emeritus, University of
Helsinki (Finland)
William Cavanagh, Professor of Aegean Prehistory, University of
Nottingham (UK)
Angelos Chaniotis, Professor, Senior Research Fellow, All Souls
College, Oxford (UK)
Paul Christesen, Professor of Ancient Greek History, Dartmouth College
(USA)
Ada Cohen, Associate Professor of Art History, Dartmouth College (USA)
Randall M. Colaizzi, Lecturer in Classical Studies, University of
Massachusetts-Boston (USA)
Kathleen M. Coleman, Professor of Latin, Harvard University (USA)
Michael B. Cosmopoulos, Ph.D., Professor and Endowed Chair in Greek
Archaeology, University of Missouri-St. Louis (USA)
Kevin F. Daly, Assistant Professor of Classics, Bucknell University
(USA)
Wolfgang Decker, Professor emeritus of sport history, Deutsche
Sporthochschule, Köln (Germany)
Luc Deitz, Ausserplanmässiger Professor of Mediaeval and Renaissance
Latin, University of Trier (Germany), and Curator of manuscripts and
rare books, National Library of Luxembourg (Luxembourg)
Michael Dewar, Professor of Classics, University of Toronto (Canada)
John D. Dillery, Associate Professor of Classics, University of
Virginia (USA)
Sheila Dillon, Associate Professor, Depts. of Art, Art History &
Visual Studies and Classical Studies, Duke University (USA)
Douglas Domingo-Forasté, Professor of Classics, California State
University, Long Beach (USA)
Pierre Ducrey, professeur honoraire, Université de Lausanne
(Switzerland)
Roger Dunkle, Professor of Classics Emeritus, Brooklyn College, City
University of New York (USA)
Michael M. Eisman, Associate Professor Ancient History and Classical
Archaeology, Department of History, Temple University (USA)
Mostafa El-Abbadi, Professor Emeritus, University of Alexandria (Egypt)
R. Malcolm Errington, Professor für Alte Geschichte (Emeritus)
Philipps-Universität, Marburg (Germany)
Panagiotis Faklaris, Assistant Professor of Classical Archaeology,
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Greece)
Denis Feeney, Giger Professor of Latin, Princeton University (USA)
Elizabeth A. Fisher, Professor of Classics and Art History,
Randolph-Macon College (USA)
Nick Fisher, Professor of Ancient History, Cardiff University (UK)
R. Leon Fitts, Asbury J Clarke Professor of Classical Studies,
Emeritus, FSA, Scot., Dickinson Colllege (USA)
John M. Fossey FRSC, FSA, Emeritus Professor of Art History (and
Archaeology), McGill Univertsity, Montreal, and Curator of Archaeology,
Montreal Museum of Fine Arts (Canada)
Robin Lane Fox, University Reader in Ancient History, New College,
Oxford (UK)
Rainer Friedrich, Professor of Classics Emeritus, Dalhousie University,
Halifax, N.S. (Canada)
Heide Froning, Professor of Classical Archaeology, University of
Marburg (Germany)
Peter Funke, Professor of Ancient History, University of Muenster
(Germany)
Traianos Gagos, Professor of Greek and Papyrology, University of
Michigan (USA)
Robert Garland, Roy D. and Margaret B. Wooster Professor of the
Classics, Colgate University, Hamilton NY (USA)
Douglas E. Gerber, Professor Emeritus of Classical Studies, University
of Western Ontario (Canada)
Hans R. Goette, Professor of Classical Archaeology, University of
Giessen (Germany); German Archaeological Institute, Berlin (Germany)
Sander M. Goldberg, Professor of Classics, UCLA (USA)
Erich S. Gruen, Gladys Rehard Wood Professor of History and Classics,
Emeritus, University of California, Berkeley (USA)
Christian Habicht, Professor of Ancient History, Emeritus, Institute
for Advanced Study, Princeton (USA)
Donald C. Haggis, Nicholas A. Cassas Term Professor of Greek Studies,
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (USA)
Judith P. Hallett, Professor of Classics, University of Maryland,
College Park, MD (USA)
Prof. Paul B. Harvey, Jr. Head, Department of Classics and Ancient
Mediterranean Studies, The Pennsylvania State University (USA)
Eleni Hasaki, Associate Professor of Classical Archaeology, University
of Arizona (USA)
Miltiades B. Hatzopoulos, Director, Research Centre for Greek and Roman
Antiquity, National Research Foundation, Athens (Greece)
Wolf-Dieter Heilmeyer, Prof. Dr., Freie Universität Berlin und
Antikensammlung der Staatlichen Museen zu Berlin (Germany)
Steven W. Hirsch, Associate Professor of Classics and History, Tufts
University (USA)
Karl-J. Hölkeskamp, Professor of Ancient History, University of Cologne
(Germany)
Frank L. Holt, Professor of Ancient History, University of Houston (USA)
Dan Hooley, Professor of Classics, University of Missouri (USA)
Meredith C. Hoppin, Gagliardi Professor of Classical Languages,
Williams College, Williamstown, MA (USA)
Caroline M. Houser, Professor of Art History Emerita, Smith College
(USA) and Affiliated Professor, University of Washington (USA)
Georgia Kafka, Visiting Professor of Modern Greek Language, Literature
and History, University of New Brunswick (Canada)
Anthony Kaldellis, Professor of Greek and Latin, The Ohio State
University (USA)
Andromache Karanika, Assistant Professor of Classics, University of
California, Irvine (USA)
Robert A. Kaster, Professor of Classics and Kennedy Foundation
Professor of Latin, Princeton University (USA)
Vassiliki Kekela, Adjunct Professor of Greek Studies, Classics
Department, Hunter College, City University of New York (USA)
Dietmar Kienast, Professor Emeritus of Ancient History, University of
Duesseldorf (Germany)
Karl Kilinski II, University Distinguished Teaching Professor, Southern
Methodist University (USA)
Dr. Florian Knauss, associate director, Staatliche Antikensammlungen
und Glyptothek Muenchen (Germany)
Denis Knoepfler, Professor of Greek Epigraphy and History, Collège de
France (Paris)
Ortwin Knorr, Associate Professor of Classics, Willamette University
(USA)
Robert B. Koehl, Professor of Archaeology, Department of Classical and
Oriental Studies Hunter College, City University of New York (USA)
Georgia Kokkorou-Alevras, Professor of Classical Archaeology,
University of Athens (Greece)
Ann Olga Koloski-Ostrow, Associate Professor and Chair, Department of
Classical Studies, Brandeis University (USA)
Eric J. Kondratieff, Assistant Professor of Classics and Ancient
History, Department of Greek & Roman Classics, Temple University
Haritini Kotsidu, Apl. Prof. Dr. für Klassische Archäologie,
Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt/M. (Germany)
Lambrini Koutoussaki, Dr., Lecturer of Classical Archaeology,
University of Zürich (Switzerland)
David Kovacs, Hugh H. Obear Professor of Classics, University of
Virginia (USA)
Peter Krentz, W. R. Grey Professor of Classics and History, Davidson
College (USA)
Friedrich Krinzinger, Professor of Classical Archaeology Emeritus,
University of Vienna (Austria)
Michael Kumpf, Professor of Classics, Valparaiso University (USA)
Donald G. Kyle, Professor of History, University of Texas at Arlington
(USA)
Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Helmut Kyrieleis, former president of the German
Archaeological Institute, Berlin (Germany)
Gerald V. Lalonde, Benedict Professor of Classics, Grinnell College
(USA)
Steven Lattimore, Professor Emeritus of Classics, University of
California, Los Angeles (USA)
Francis M. Lazarus, President, University of Dallas (USA)
Mary R. Lefkowitz, Andrew W. Mellon Professor in the Humanities,
Emerita, Wellesley College (USA)
Iphigeneia Leventi, Assistant Professor of Classical Archaeology,
University of Thessaly (Greece)
Daniel B. Levine, Professor of Classical Studies, University of
Arkansas (USA)
Christina Leypold, Dr. phil., Archaeological Institute, University of
Zurich (Switzerland)
Vayos Liapis, Associate Professor of Greek, Centre d’Études Classiques
& Département de Philosophie, Université de Montréal (Canada)
Hugh Lloyd-Jones, Professor of Greek Emeritus, University of Oxford (UK)
Yannis Lolos, Assistant Professor, History, Archaeology, and
Anthropology, University of Thessaly (Greece)
Stanley Lombardo, Professor of Classics, University of Kansas, USA
Anthony Long, Professor of Classics and Irving G. Stone Professor of
Literature, University of California, Berkeley (USA)
Julia Lougovaya, Assistant Professor, Department of Classics, Columbia
University (USA)
A.D. Macro, Hobart Professor of Classical Languages emeritus, Trinity
College (USA)
John Magee, Professor, Department of Classics, Director, Centre for
Medieval Studies, University of Toronto (Canada)
Dr. Christofilis Maggidis, Associate Professor of Archaeology,
Dickinson College (USA)
Jeannette Marchand, Assistant Professor of Classics, Wright State
University, Dayton, Ohio (USA)
Richard P. Martin, Antony and Isabelle Raubitschek Professor in
Classics, Stanford University
Maria Mavroudi, Professor of Byzantine History, University of
California, Berkeley (USA)
Alexander Mazarakis Ainian, Professor of Classical Archaeology,
University of Thessaly (Greece)
James R. McCredie, Sherman Fairchild Professor emeritus; Director,
Excavations in Samothrace Institute of Fine Arts, New York University
(USA)
James C. McKeown, Professor of Classics, University of
Wisconsin-Madison (USA)
Robert A. Mechikoff, Professor and Life Member of the International
Society of Olympic Historians, San Diego State University (USA)
Andreas Mehl, Professor of Ancient History, Universitaet
Halle-Wittenberg (Germany)
Harald Mielsch, Professor of Classical Archeology, University of Bonn
(Germany)
Stephen G. Miller, Professor of Classical Archaeology Emeritus,
University of California, Berkeley (USA)
Phillip Mitsis, A.S. Onassis Professor of Classics and Philosophy, New
York University (USA)
Peter Franz Mittag, Professor für Alte Geschichte, Universität zu Köln
(Germany)
David Gordon Mitten, James Loeb Professor of Classical Art and
Archaeology, Harvard University (USA)
Margaret S. Mook, Associate Professor of Classical Studies, Iowa State
University (USA)
Anatole Mori, Associate Professor of Classical Studies, University of
Missouri- Columbia (USA)
Jennifer Sheridan Moss, Associate Professor, Wayne State University
(USA)
Ioannis Mylonopoulos, Assistant Professor of Greek Art History and
Archaeology, Columbia University, New York (USA).
Richard Neudecker, PD of Classical Archaeology, Deutsches
Archäologisches Institut Rom (Italy)
James M.L. Newhard, Associate Professor of Classics, College of
Charleston (USA)
Carole E. Newlands, Professor of Classics, University of Wisconsin,
Madison (USA)
John Maxwell O'Brien, Professor of History, Queens College, City
University of New York (USA)
James J. O'Hara, Paddison Professor of Latin, The University of North
Carolina, Chapel Hill (USA)
Martin Ostwald, Professor of Classics (ret.), Swarthmore College and
Professor of Classical Studies (ret.), University of Pennsylvania (USA)
Olga Palagia, Professor of Classical Archaeology, University of Athens
(Greece)
Vassiliki Panoussi, Associate Professor of Classical Studies, The
College of William and Mary (USA)
Maria C. Pantelia, Professor of Classics, University of California,
Irvine (USA)
Pantos A.Pantos, Adjunct Faculty, Department of History, Archaeology
and Social Anthropology, University of Thessaly (Greece)
Anthony J. Papalas, Professor of Ancient History, East Carolina
University (USA)
Nassos Papalexandrou, Associate Professor, The University of Texas at
Austin (USA)
Polyvia Parara, Visiting Assistant Professor of Greek Language and
Civilization, Department of Classics, Georgetown University (USA)
Richard W. Parker, Associate Professor of Classics, Brock University
(Canada)
Robert Parker, Wykeham Professor of Ancient History, New College,
Oxford (UK)
Anastasia-Erasmia Peponi, Associate Professor of Classics, Stanford
University (USA)
Jacques Perreault, Professor of Greek archaeology, Université de
Montréal, Québec (Canada)
Yanis Pikoulas, Associate Professor of Ancient Greek History,
University of Thessaly (Greece)
John Pollini, Professor of Classical Art & Archaeology, University
of Southern California (USA)
David Potter, Arthur F. Thurnau Professor of Greek and Latin. The
University of Michigan (USA)
Robert L. Pounder, Professor Emeritus of Classics, Vassar College (USA)
Nikolaos Poulopoulos, Assistant Professor in History and Chair in
Modern Greek Studies, McGill University (Canada)
William H. Race, George L. Paddison Professor of Classics, University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (USA)
John T. Ramsey, Professor of Classics, University of Illinois at
Chicago (USA)
Karl Reber, Professor of Classical Archaeology, University of Lausanne
(Switzerland)
Rush Rehm, Professor of Classics and Drama, Stanford University (USA)
Werner Riess, Associate Professor of Classics, The University of North
Carolina at Chapel Hill (USA)
Robert H. Rivkin, Ancient Studies Department, University of Maryland
Baltimore County (USA)
Barbara Saylor Rodgers, Professor of Classics, The University of
Vermont (USA)
Robert H. Rodgers. Lyman-Roberts Professor of Classical Languages and
Literature, University of Vermont (USA)
Nathan Rosenstein, Professor of Ancient History, The Ohio State
University (USA)
John C. Rouman, Professor Emeritus of Classics, University of New
Hampshire, (USA)
Dr. James Roy, Reader in Greek History (retired), University of
Nottingham (UK)
Steven H. Rutledge, Associate Professor of Classics, Department of
Classics, University of Maryland, College Park (USA)
Christina A. Salowey, Associate Professor of Classics, Hollins
University (USA)
Guy D. R. Sanders, Resident Director of Corinth Excavations, The
American School of Classical Studies at Athens (Greece)
Theodore Scaltsas, Professor of Ancient Greek Philosophy, University of
Edinburgh (UK)
Thomas F. Scanlon, Professor of Classics, University of California,
Riverside (USA)
Bernhard Schmaltz, Prof. Dr. Archäologisches Institut der CAU, Kiel
(Germany)
Rolf M. Schneider, Professor of Classical Archaeology,
Ludwig-Maximilians- Universität München (Germany)
Peter Scholz, Professor of Ancient History and Culture, University of
Stuttgart (Germany)
Christof Schuler, director, Commission for Ancient History and
Epigraphy of the German Archaeological Institute, Munich (Germany)
Paul D. Scotton, Assoociate Professor Classical Archaeology and
Classics, California State University Long Beach (USA)
Danuta Shanzer, Professor of Classics and Medieval Studies, The
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and Fellow of the Medieval
Academy of America (USA)
James P. Sickinger, Associate Professor of Classics, Florida State
University (USA)
Marilyn B. Skinner
Professor of Classics, University of Arizona (USA)
Niall W. Slater, Samuel Candler Dobbs Professor of Latin and Greek,
Emory University (USA)
Peter M. Smith, Associate Professor of Classics, University of North
Carolina at Chapel Hill (USA)
Dr. Philip J. Smith, Research Associate in Classical Studies, McGill
University (Canada)
Susan Kirkpatrick Smith Assistant Professor of Anthropology Kennesaw
State University (USA)
Antony Snodgrass, Professor Emeritus of Classical Archaeology,
University of Cambridge (UK)
Theodosia Stefanidou-Tiveriou, Professor of Classical Archaeology,
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Greece)
Andrew Stewart, Nicholas C. Petris Professor of Greek Studies,
University of California, Berkeley (USA)
Oliver Stoll, Univ.-Prof. Dr., Alte Geschichte/Ancient
History,Universität Passau (Germany)
Richard Stoneman, Honorary Fellow, University of Exeter (England)
Ronald Stroud, Klio Distinguished Professor of Classical Languages and
Literature Emeritus, University of California, Berkeley (USA)
Sarah Culpepper Stroup, Associate Professor of Classics, University of
Washington (USA)
Nancy Sultan, Professor and Director, Greek & Roman Studies,
Illinois Wesleyan University (USA)
David W. Tandy, Professor of Classics, University of Tennessee (USA)
James Tatum, Aaron Lawrence Professor of Classics, Dartmouth College
Martha C. Taylor, Associate Professor of Classics, Loyola College in
Maryland
Petros Themelis, Professor Emeritus of Classical Archaeology, Athens
(Greece)
Eberhard Thomas, Priv.-Doz. Dr., Archäologisches Institut der
Universität zu Köln (Germany)
Michalis Tiverios, Professor of Classical Archaeology, Aristotle
University of Thessaloniki (Greece)
Michael K. Toumazou, Professor of Classics, Davidson College (USA)
Stephen V. Tracy, Professor of Greek and Latin Emeritus, Ohio State
University (USA)
Prof. Dr. Erich Trapp, Austrian Academy of Sciences/Vienna resp.
University of Bonn (Germany)
Stephen M. Trzaskoma, Associate Professor of Classics, University of
New Hampshire (USA)
Vasiliki Tsamakda, Professor of Christian Archaeology and Byzantine
History of Art, University of Mainz (Germany)
Christopher Tuplin, Professor of Ancient History, University of
Liverpool (UK)
Gretchen Umholtz, Lecturer, Classics and Art History, University of
Massachusetts, Boston (USA)
Panos Valavanis, Professor of Classical Archaeology, University of
Athens (Greece)
Athanassios Vergados, Visiting Assistant Professor of Classics,
Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, PA
Christina Vester, Assistant Professor of Classics, University of
Waterloo (Canada)
Emmanuel Voutiras, Professor of Classical Archaeology, Aristotle
University of Thessaloniki (Greece)
Speros Vryonis, Jr., Alexander S. Onassis Professor (Emeritus) of
Hellenic Civilization and Culture, New York University (USA)
Michael B. Walbank, Professor Emeritus of Greek, Latin & Ancient
History, The University of Calgary (Canada)
Bonna D. Wescoat, Associate Professor, Art History and Ancient
Mediterranean Studies, Emory University (USA)
E. Hector Williams, Professor of Classical Archaeology, University of
British Columbia (Canada)
Roger J. A. Wilson, Professor of the Archaeology of the Roman Empire,
and Director, Centre for the Study of Ancient Sicily, University of
British Columbia, Vancouver (Canada)
Engelbert Winter, Professor for Ancient History, University of Münster
(Germany)
Timothy F. Winters, Ph.D. Alumni Assn. Distinguished Professor of
Classics, Austin Peay State University (USA)
Michael Zahrnt, Professor für Alte Geschichte, Universität zu Köln
(Germany)
Paul Zanker, Professor Emeritus of Classical Studies, University of
Munich (Germany)
200 signatures as of May 18th 2009
.............................................
cc: J. Biden, Vice President, USA
H. Clinton, Secretary of State USA
P. Gordon, Asst. Secretary-designate, European and Eurasian Affairs
H.L Berman, Chair, House Committee on Foreign Affairs
I. Ros-Lehtinen, Ranking Member, House Committee on Foreign Affairs
J. Kerry, Chair, Senate Committee on Foreign Relations
R.G. Lugar, Ranking Member, Senate Committee on Foreign Relations
R. Menendez, United States Senator from New Jersey.
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